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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A 


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1.0 


1.1 


11.25 


LL4    116 


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7 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


SJ 


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A 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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%0 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^V 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha 
toth 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  significantly  chango 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


□    Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I      I    Covars  damagad/ 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


n 


Couvartura  andommagAa 


Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 


Couvartura  rastaurte  at/ou  palliculAa 

Covar  titia  missing/ 

La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


|~n    Colourad  maps/ 


Cartas  gAographiquas  an  coulaur 


Colourad  init  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I     I   Colourad  platas  and/or  illuatrations/ 


Planchas  at/ou  illustrationa  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
Ralii  avac  d'autras  documants 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  rt  liura  sarria  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distorsion  la  long  da  la  marge  Intftrieure 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  possibla.  thasa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  aJoutAas 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxta. 
mais.  lorsqua  cala  itait  possibla,  cas  pagaa  n'ont 
pas  M  filmias. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairas  supplimantairas; 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm^  la  maillaur  axamplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  tti  possibla  da  sa  procurar.  Las  details 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  sont  paut-Atra  uniquas  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua.  qui  pauvent  modifiar 
una  imaga  raproduita.  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mithoda  normals  da  filmaga 
sont  indiquis  ci-dassous. 


r~n   Colourad  pagas/ 


D 


Pagas  da  coulaur 

Pagas  damagad/ 
Pagas  andommagias 


□   Pagas  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Pagas  rastaurias  at/ou  pallicultes 

0   Pagas  discoiourad.  stained  or  foxad/ 
Pagas  d^colortes,  tachatias  ou  piqut 


Tha 
poss 
oft» 
fiimi 


Orig 

bagi 

tha 

sion. 

otha 

first 

sion, 

Drill 


piquias 

Pagas  ditachias 

Showthroughy 
Transparanca 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inigaia  da  I'imprassion 

Includas  supplementary  matarii 
Comprend  du  matAriai  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponible 


r~n  Pages  detached/ 

fy]  Showthrough/ 

r~~|  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I     I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

rn  Only  edition  available/ 


Tha 
shall 
TtNl 
whic 

Mapi 
diff« 
antir 
bagir 
right 
raqui 
math 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  Image/ 
Les  pages  totalament  ou  partieliement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  M  filmtes  i  nouveau  da  fapon  A 
obtanir  la  meilleure  imaga  possibla. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmi  au  taux  da  reduction  indiqui  ci-dassous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

■ 

y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


Th«  copy  filmad  h«r«  hm  bacn  raproduoMl  thanks 
to  th«  g«n«ro«ity  of: 

Univariity  of  Alberta 
Edmonton 

Tho  imagot  appooring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
posaibia  conaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  Icaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacificationa. 


Original  copiaa  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  eovar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatratad  impraa- 
sion,  or  tha  baeic  covar  whon  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  copiaa  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatratad  impraa> 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuatratad  impraaaion. 


Tha  laat  racordad  frama  on  aach  mieroficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  -i^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"),  or  tha  symbol  ▼  (moaning  "END"), 
whichava/  appliaa. 

Mapa.  plataa,  charts,  ate,  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  raduction  ratioa.  Thoaa  too  larga  to  bo 
antiraly  includad  in  ona  axpoaura  ara  filmad 
baginning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  comar,  laft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  aa  many  framaa  aa 
raquirad.  Tha  following  diagrama  illuatrata  tha 
mathod: 


L'axamplaira  filmi  fut  raproduit  grica  k  la 
ginirositA  da: 

Unlvsriity  of  Alberta 
Edmonton 

Laa  imagas  suivantas  ont  «ti  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  l'axamplaira  film*,  at  %n 
conformit*  avac  laa  conditions  du  contrat  da 
filmaga. 

Laa  axamplairaa  originaux  dont  Ic  couvartura  an 
papiar  aat  ImprimAa  sont  f  limAs  mn  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaaion  ou  d'illuatration,  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Toua  laa  autras  axamplairaa 
originaux  sont  fiimAs  an  commandant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaaion  ou  d'illuatration  at  an  tarminant  par 
la  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 

Un  daa  symboias  suivanta  apparaftra  sur  la 
darniAra  imaga  da  chaqua  mieroficha,  salon  la 
caa:  la  symbols  -^  signifia  "A  SUIVRE",  la 
symbols  V  signifia  "FIN". 

Laa  cartaa,  planchaa,  tablaaux,  ate.  pauvant  Atra 
filmia  it  daa  taux  da  reduction  diff*ranta. 
Loraqua  la  documant  aat  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
raproduit  an  un  saui  cllch*.  il  aat  film*  A  pBrth 
da  I'angia  sup*riaur  gaucha.  da  gaucha  *  droita, 
at  da  haut  an  baa,  an  pranant  la  nombra 
d'imagaa  n*c«aaaira.  Laa  diagrammaa  suivanta 
illuatrant  la  mithoda. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Jz^C^^LC^A^^^t^i^t^^^ 


KALLI, 


THE 


ESQUIMAUX  CHRISTIAN 


%  JHemoir. 


BY  THE 

REV.  T.  B.  MUBEAY,  M.  A. 

ACTHOB  OF  "  PirCAIRN  ;    TtlB  ISLAND,  TBB  PEOPLE,  AND  THE  PASTOH.' 


NEW-YORK: 

<Srenetal  l^totestant  JSplstopul  &,  <Sct)ool  SInfon 
autr  €t)urct>  Boott  Socfctg, 

762    BROADWAY. 

1861. 


PUBLISHED 


BY  THE 


SUNDAY  SCHOOL  OF  ST.  MARY'S  CHURCH, 


Soutl)  ^ortsmoutl),  3£lljoTre  Sslanti. 


CONTENTS. 


Paqb. 
Description  of  Kal]Jlhirua,         -----      9 

Sir  John  Franklin,         ------        10 

The  Esquimaux,        --        -        -       -       -        -11 

Cape  York, 12 

On  Board  Ship, 13 

Wolstenholme  Sound,     ------        14 

Esquimaux  Graves,  -------15 

Sails  for  England,  -------16 

Kalli  in  the  Ship, 17 

Native  Hospitality,        ------        20 

Intrepidity  of  the  Natives,         -----    21 

Esquimaux  Dogs,   -------22 

Character  of  the  People,    ------    23 

Their  Ideas  of  Religion,         -----        24 

Isolation  of  the  Islanders,  -        -        -        -        -    25 

Kalli' s  Amiable  Manners,      -----        26 

Loves  Young  People,         ------    27 

The  British  Museum,     ------        28 

Stoicism,     ---------29 

The  Crystal  Palace, 30 

St.  Augustine's  College,    ------    31 

Hope  in  the  Future,        ------        32 

Canterbury  Cathedral,       ------    33 

Kalli's  Letter, 34 

Kalli's  Illness, 35 

Attention  to  Prayer,       ------        36 

Baptism  of  Kallihirua,      ------    37 

Ancient  Font,        -------38 

St.  Martin's  Church, 39 

Christian  Names,  -------40 

Missionary  Work,      -------41 

Water  from  the  Jordan,     ------       42 

Stanzas  by  the  Warden,    ------    43 


Viii  CONTENTS. 

VAom 
Esquimaux  Vocabulary,         -----        45 

Modes  of  Explanation,       ------    46 

Kalli's  Punctuality,       ------        47 

His  Study  of  Carpentry, 48 

Innocent  Amusements,  ...       -        -        49 

St.  John's,  Newfoundland,         -       -       -  -    50 

Flattering  Testimonial,         -        -        '       ",       "        ^■'■ 
Similarity  of  Dialects,       ------    62 

Archdeacon  Bridge,       -        -        -        -       -        -        63 

Zealous  Labor  and  Death, 64 

Prince  Le  Boo, --65 

Failing  Health, --56 

Kalli's  Letter,  57 

Death  of  Kalli, 68 

Cause  of  his  Death,         ------       59 

The  Bishop's  Testimony, 60 

Resignation  and  Thankfiilness,     -       -       -       -       61 

Last  Moments,  - --62 

Kind  Friends,         -------        63 

Funeral  Services,      -------64 

Mrs.  Mountain's  Letter, 65 

Memorial  Tablet,       -        -        -        -        -        -        -66 

A  Chapter  of  Sorrows, 67 

Practical  B-eflections,        ------    68 

The  Object  of  this  Memoir, 69 

Conclusion, "    70 


'U>     ..:':,0      • 


KALLIHIRUA,  THE  ESQUIMAUX. 


-•-♦- 


ALLIHIRUA,  notwithstanding  the  dis- 
advantages of  person  (for  he  was  plain, 
and  short  of  stature,  and  looked  what  he  was 
— an  Esquimaux),  excited  a  feeling  of  inter- 
est and  regard  in  those  who  were  acquainted 
with  his  history,  and  who  knew  his  docile 
mind,  and  the  sweetness  of  his  disposition. 

Compliance  with  the  precept  in  the  Old 
Testament,  "  Love  ye  the  stranger,"*  becomes 
a  delight  as  well  as  a  duty  in  such  an  instance 
as  that  about  to  be  recorded,  especially  when 
we  consider  the  affecting  injunction  conveyed 
in  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  "  Be  not  for- 
getful to  entertain  strangers,  for  thereby  some 
liave  entertained  angels  unawares. "t 


•  Deut.  X.  19. 


t  Heb.  xiii.  2. 


10 


SIR  JOHN   FRANKLIN. 


Erasmus  Augustine  York,  whose  native  name 
was  Kallihirua,  was  brought  to  England  on 
board  her  Majesty's  ship  "Assistance,"  Cap- 
tain Erasmus  Ommanney,  in  1851.  Captain 
Ommannoy  was  second  in  command  of  the  ex- 
pedition under  Captain  Horatio  Austin,  C.  B., 
which  was  despatched  in  May,  1850,  in  search 
of  the  missing  vessels  of  Sir  John  Franklin, 
the  "  Erebus"  and  Terror." 

Franklin  quitted  England  on  his  perilous 
and  fatal  enterprise  with  136  men  and  officers, 
in  May,  1845.  They  passed  the  winter  of 
1845-6  in  a  small  cove  between  Cape  Riley 
and  Beechey  Island,  facing  the  entrance  of 
Wellington  Channel.  It  is  said  that  a  party 
of  thirty  or  forty  persons  were  seen  to  pass 
over  King  William's  Island,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Fish  River,  in  1850,  and  they 
probably  perished  in  that  year.  Many  expe- 
ditions have  been  fitted  out  and  despatched  in 
search  of  the  brave  voyagers.  Some  interest- 
ing relics  of  their  property  were  discovered 
by  Dr.  Rae  in  1854,  and  brought  to  England. 


THE   ESQUIMAUX. 


11 


One  fruit  of  these  researches  has  been  the  dis- 
covery of  a  Northwest  passage. 

Another  result  of  these  voyages  of  investi- 
gation is  to  be  related  in  the  following  pages. 

Much  interest  was  attached  to  the  young 
Esquimaux,  who  was  considered  to  bo  about 
sixteen  years  of  age  in  August,  1850.  Ho 
was  one  of  a  tribe  inhabiting  the  country  in 
the  vicinity  of  Wolstenholme  Sound,  at  the 
head  of  Baffin's  Bay,  in  76  deg.  3  min.  north 
latitude,  the  nearest  residents  to  the  North  Pole 
of  any  human  beings  known  to  exist  on  the 
globe.  He  was  the  only  person  ever  brought 
to  this  country  from  so  high  a  northern  lati- 
tude. His  tribe  was  met  with  by  the  late  Sir 
John  Ross,  during  his  voyage  in  1818,  and  was 
by  him  called  the  Arctic  Highlanders. 

The  people  called  by  us  Esquimaux  do  not 
know  that  word,  but  style  themselves  Innuit. 
The  word  Esquimaux  is  a  nickname  given  by 
a  neighboring  people,  who  were  at  war  with 
them,  and  is  supposed  to  mean,  Raw  fish' 
eaters* 


THE   ESQUIMAUX. 


n 


One  fruit  of  these  researches  has  been  the  dis- 
covery of  a  Northwest  passage. 

Another  result  of  these  voyages  of  investi- 
gation is  to  be  related  in  the  following  pages. 

Much  interest  was  attached  to  the  young 
Esquimaux,  who  was  considered  to  bo  about 
sixteen  years  of  age  in  August,  1850.  Ho 
was  one  of  a  tribe  inhabiting  the  country  in 
the  vicinity  of  Wolstenholme  Sound,  at  the 
head  of  Baffin's  Bay,  in  76  deg.  3  min.  north 
latitude,  the  nearest  residents  to  the  North  Pole 
of  any  human  beings  known  to  exist  on  the 
globe.  He  was  the  only  person  ever  brought 
to  this  country  from  so  high  a  northern  lati- 
tude. His  tribe  was  met  with  by  the  late  Sir 
John  Ross,  during  his  voyage  in  1818,  and  was 
by  him  called  the  Arctic  Highlanders. 


12 


CAPE  YORK. 


When  the  expedition  under  Captain  Aus- 
tin's command  was  passing  Cape  York,  in  Au- 
gust, 1850,  after  its  release  from  the  ice  in 
Melville  Bay,  natives  were  seen  from  the 
"  Assistance."  Captain  Ommanney  went  with 
the  "Intrepid"  to  communicate  with  them, 
when  it  was  ascertained  that  H.  M.  S.  "  North 
Star  "  had  passed  the  winter  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. The  fate  of  this  vessel  was  then  a 
matter  of  anxiety,  as  by  her  instructions  she 
had  been  cautioned  to  avoid  passing  the  win- 
ter in  those  regions.  The  tribe  thus  discov- 
ered consisted  of  only  three  families,  residing 
in  their  summer  huts  at  Cape  York.  As  no 
steamer  had  ever  before  found  its  wav  to  these 
seas,  it  was  interesting  to  watch  the  impres- 
sion upon  the  singular  beings  now  visited, 
when  they  descended  into  the  engine-room. 
The  large  furnaces  and  machinery  astonished 
them.  The  latter,  on  being  put  in  motion, 
made  them  take  to  their  heels  with  fright, 
and  they  ran  out  of  the  engine-room  on  deck 
as  fast  as  they  could. 


ON   BOARD  SHIP. 


13 


It  was  after  this  first  interview  that  the  re- 
port was  raised  of  the  massacre  of  two  ships' 
crews  in  1846.  Captain  Ommanney,  accom- 
panied by  Captain  Penny,  with  his  interpre- 
ter, immediately  returned  to  Cape  York,  and 
had  a  long  interview  with  the  natives.  They 
most  emphatically  denied  the  whole  statement, 
adding,  that  no  ship  had  ever  been  on  their 
coasts  except  the  "North  Star"  and  passing 
whalers.  Then  it  was  that  Kallihirua  con- 
sented to  show  Captain  Ommanney  where  the 
«  North  Star"  had  wintered,  and  to  join  the 
ship,  for  the  purpose  of  being  useful  as  an  in- 
terpreter, in  the  event  of  their  meeting  with 
any  natives  during  the  search  for  the  missing 
expedition  under  Sir  John  Franklin.  Part- 
ing  (for  a  while,  as  he  supposed)  with  his  im- 
mediate relatives,  and  with  the  only  people 
whom  he  knew  on  earth,  he  threw  himself  into 
the  hands  of  strangers  in  perfect  confidence. 
Having  arrived  on  board  the  "Assistance," 
he  put  off  his  rough  native  costume,  submitted 
to  the  process  of  a  good  washing,  and,  being 


ON  BOARD  SHIP. 


13 


It  was  after  this  first  interview  that  the  re- 
port was  raised  of  the  massacre  of  two  ships' 
crews  in  1846.  Captain  Ommanney,  accom- 
panied by  Captain  Penny,  with  his  interpre- 
ter, immediately  returned  to  Cape  York,  and 
had  a  long  interview  with  the  natives.  They 
most  emphatically  denied  the  whole  statement, 
adding,  that  no  ship  had  ever  been  on  their 
coasts  except  the  "North  Star"  and  passing 
whalers.  Then  it  was  that  Kallihirua  con- 
sented to  show  Captain  Ommanney  where  the 
"  North  Star"  had  wintered,  and  to  join  the 
ship,  for  the  purpose  of  being  useful  as  an  in- 
terpreter, in  the  event  of  their  meeting  with 
any  natives  during  the  search  for  the  missing 
expedition  under  Sir  John  Franklin.  Part- 
ing (for  a  while,  as  he  supposed)  with  his  im- 


14 


WOLSTENHOLME   SOUND. 


soon  clad  in  ordinary  European  clothing, 
which  was  cheerfully  contributed  by  the  offi- 
cers, the  young  Esquimaux  with  much  intelli- 
gence performed  the  duty  of  pilot  to  the  place 
where  the  "  North  Star  "  had  wintered. 

On  entering  Wolstenholme  Sound,  Kalli- 
hirua,  or,  as  he  was  familiarly  called,  Kalli> 
(pronounced  Kally),  directed  Captain  Omman- 
ney  and  the  officers  to  the  late  winter  station 
of  his  tribe ;  the  spot  having  been  abandoned 
in  consequence  of  some  epidemic,  probably  in- 
fluenza, which  had  carried  off  several  per- 
sons. On  entering  the  huts,  a  most  distress- 
ing sight  presented  itself.  A  heap  of  dead 
bodies  (about  seven)  lay,  one  over  another^ 
clad  in  their  skin  clothing,  as  if  suddenly  cut 
off  by  the  hand  of  death.  The  survivors, 
from  fear  of  infection,  had  quitted  the  spot, 
leaving  the  remains  of  their  relatives  unbur- 
ied.  It  was  an  affecting  scene,  in  such  a  re-* 
mote  and  desolate  region,  separated  from  all 
communication  with  the  human  race.  Necft^ 
the  huts  was  the  burial-ground,  with  several 


ESQUIMAUX   GRAVES. 


15 


well  formed  graves  of  heaps  of  stones.  On 
one  lay  a  spear,  which  one  of  the  officers  of 
the  "  Assistance "  took  up  to  bring  aw*j,y. 
Some  of  the  crew  were  busy  examining  the 
graves,  to  see  whether  they  contained  any  of 
our  missing  countrymen.  Seeing  this,  Kalli 
ran  up  to  the  officer,  and,  with  toars  and  en- 
treaties, as  well  as  he  could  make  himself  un- 
derstood, begged  the  officers  and  men  to  de- 
sist from  the  work  of  desecration. 

Poor  Kalli's  lamentations  were  at  first  quite 
heart-rending,  but  his  feelings  were,  of  course, 
respected ;  the  graves  were  at  once  built  up 
again,  and  the  spear  replaced.  jCaptain  Om- 
manney  learnt  afterwards  from  Kalli,  that  it 
was  his  father's  grave,  over  which  the  spear 
had  been  placed  by  the  friends  of  the  de- 
ceased. 

They  have  a  tradition  that  in  a  future  state 
the  means  of  hunting  are  still  required  ;  and, 
because  in  this  world  the  search  after  food  is 
the  chief  object  of  life,  the  hunting-lance  is 
deposited  on  the  grave. 


16 


KALLI  SAILS   FOIt   ENGLAND. 


The  young  stranger  subsequently  lived  on 
board  the  "  Assistance."  He  was  placed  un- 
der the  care  of  the  Serjeant  of  marines,  who 
instructed  him  in  the  rudiments  of  reading 
and  writing,  and  to  whom  he  became  much  at- 
tached. By  his  amiable  disposition  he  made 
himself  welcome  and  agreeable  to  all  the  ex- 
pedition ;  and,  as,  in  consequence  of  the  state 
of  the  ice,  no  opportunity  was  offered  of  land- 
ing him  on  his  native  shores,  on  the  return  of 
the  vessel  past  York  Inlet  he  was  brought  to 
England. 

The  leaders  of  the  expedition  conferred 
the  surname  of  York  upon  him,  from  the 
locality  in  which  he  was  found.  To  this 
the  name  of  Erasmus  was  prefixed,  after  that 
of  the  gallant  Captain  Ommanney,  the  chief 
of  his  many  friends. 

Kalli  was  a  twin.  His  father,  whose  grave 
has  been  mentioned,  had  been  dead  for  some 
years,  but  he  had  a  mother  living,  of  whom  he 
spoke  with  duty  and  affection.  His  father's 
name  was  Kirshung-oak,  his  mother's  Sa-toor- 


KALLI  IN  THE  SHIP. 


17 


ney.  He  had  two  sisters  living  with  their 
mother.  He  often  mentioned  the  boyish 
pranks  of  a  younger  brother,  who  was  so  full 
of  mischief  that  he  frequently  made  his  father 
very  angry. 

A  touching  circumstance  connected  with 
Kalli's  first  introduction  to  our  countrymen 
has  been  adverted  to,  which  gave  rise  to  the 
following  lines,  written  by  the  author  of  this 
memoir.  They  were  published  in  the  Gospel 
Missionary,  in  the  year  of  the  arrival  of 
Kallihirua,  and  are  supposed  to  be  spoken  by 
a  British  sailor  on  board  the  "  Assistance :" 

KALLI  IN  THE  SHIP. 

A  frost,  like  iron,  held  the  air, 

A  calm  was  on  the  sea ; 
But  fields  oi  ice  were  spreading  there, 

And  closing  on  our  lee. 

Our  ship  half-bound,  as  if  aground, 

"Was  scarcely  seen  to  go. 
All  hands  on  deck  were  gathered  round 

The  little  Esquimaux. 

For  he  had  come  amongst  our  crew, 
A  week  or  so  before ; 

2* 


18 


KALLI  IN  THE  SHIP* 


o 


And  now  we  knew  not  what  to  do 
To  put  him  safe  ashore. 

Poor  lad,  he  strained  his  eyes  in  vain, 

Till  tears  began  to  come, 
To  try  if  he  could  see  again 

His  mother  and  his  home. 

The  Captain  then  saw  through  his  glass 

The  Inlet  and  the  Bay  ; 
But  floes  of  ice,  as  green  as  grass, 

And  icebergs  block'd  the  way. 

"Up  with  the  sail!— the  wind's  awake  1" 

Hark  to  the  Captain's  call ; 
"  I  see,  my  boys,  we  shall  not  make 

York  Inlet,  after  all." 

"We  look'd  upon  the  swarthy  lad, 

Then  look'd  upon  each  other, 
And  all  were  sure  that  he  was  sad 

With  thinking  of  his  mother. 

We  cheer'd  him  up ;  and  soon  he  grew 

So  usefhl  and  so  kind, 
The  crew  were  glad,  and  Kalli  too, 

He  was  not  left  behind. 

He  learn'd  to  make  the  best  of  it ; 

And  now,  by  time  and  care. 
They  tell  us  he  can  read  a  bit. 

And  say  an  easy  prayer. 

O  Ealli,  &il  not,  day  by  day, 

To  kneel  to  God  above ; 
Then  He  will  hear  you  when  you  pra*/, 

And  guard  you  with  his  love. 


KALLT  IN  THE  SHIP. 

Go  on,  my  friend,  in  years  and  grace ; 

Your  precious  time  employ ; 
And  you  will  pass,  in  wisdom's  race. 

The  idle  English  boy. 

Nay,  if  you  learn  and  practise  too 

The  lessons  of  your  youth. 
Some  heathen  tribes  may  gain  firom  you 

The  light  of  gospel  truth. 


19 


It  may  here  be  interesting  to  say  a  few  words 
respecting  the  people  who  inhabit  the  gloomy 
abodes  whence  Kallihirua  came,  and  where  he 
had  passed  the  greater  part  of  his  life. 

"The  characteristic  features  of  the  Esqui- 
maux," said  the  late  Admiral  Beechey,  "are 
large  fat  round  faces,  high  cheek  bones,  small 
hazel  eyes,  eyebrows  slanting  like  the  Chi- 
nese, and  wide  mouths."  They  are  generally 
under  five  feet  high,  and  have  brown  com- 
plexions. Beechey,  in  his  Narrative  of  a 
Voyage  to  Behring's  Strait,  &c.,  in  H.  M.  S. 
"Blossom,"  gave  a  curious  and  particular  de- 
scripiion  of  the  habits  and  customs  of  the  Es- 
quimaux, their  wretched  hovels  or  "yourts," 
«now  JwellingS;  and  underground  huts,  and 


o 


20 


NATIVE    HOSPITALITY. 


4 
I 


the  general  want  of  cleanliness  in  their  per- 
sons and  dwellings. 

Speaking  of  a  tribe  which  he  visited,  he 
said,  "  We  found  them  very  honest,  extremely 
good-natured  and  friendly.  Their  tents  were 
constructed  of  skins,  loosely  stretched  over  a 
few  spars  of  drift-wood,  and  were  neither 
wind  nor  water-tight.  The  tents  were,  as 
usual,  filthy,  but  suitable  to  the  taste  of  their 
inhabitants,  who  no  doubt  saw  nothing  in 
them  that  was  revolting. 

« The  natives  testified  much  pleasure  at  our 
visit,  and  they  at  once  proceeded  to  place  be- 
fore us  several  dishes,  amongst  which  were 
two  of  their  choicest — the  entrails  of  a  fine 
seal,  and  a  bowl  of  coagulated  blood.  But, 
desirous  as  we  were  to  oblige  them,  there  was 
not  one  of  our  party  that  could  be  induced  to 
partake  of  their  hospitality.  Seeing  our  re- 
luctance, they  tried  us  with  another  dish,  con- 
sisting of  the  raw  flesh  of  the  narwhal,  nicely 
cut  into  lumps,  with  an  equal  distribution  of 
black  and  white  fat;  but  they  were  not  more 


o 


INTREPIDITY  OP  THE  NATIVES. 


21 


successful  here,  in  their  effort  to  gratify  our 
tastes,  than  at  first." 

The  seal's  flesh  supplies  the  natives  with 
their  most  palatable  and  substantial  food, 
which,  however,  has  a  fishy  flavor,  as  the 
creatures  feed  chiefly  on  fish.  Seals  are 
sometimes  taken  on  land,  when  surprised 
basking  in  the  sun,  with  their  young-  As 
soon  as  they  are  alarmed  by  the  sight  of  their 
enemies,  they  scuttle  away,  and  make  for  the 
sea.  It  is  on  the  great  deep  that  the  Esqui- 
maux, driven  by  hunger,  chiefly  seeks  his  pre- 
carious food.  In  his  light  canoe,  which  is 
made  of  seal-skins  stretched  over  a  slight 
frame-work  of  wood,  he  hunts,  in  all  weath- 
ers, for  his  prey,  especially  for  the  much- 
prized  narwhaL 

There,  tumbling  in  their  seal-skin  boat, 
Fearless,  the  hungry  fishers  float, 
And  from  the  teeming  seas  supply 
'*;'.        The  food  their  niggard  plains  deny. 

The  same  intrepid  boldness  is  shown  in 
their  chase  of  the  reindeer,  the  bear,  and  the 
fox.      Over  the  boundless  deserts  of  snow 


^2 


ESQUIMAUX   DOGS. 


i 


they  arc  borne  rapidly  along  by  their  faithful 
dogs,  which  are  harnessed  to  a  sledge,  six  or 
seven  to  the  team,  and  which  scamper  away, 
often  in  seeming  confusion,  but  with  a  precis^ 
ion  of  aim  and  object  which  is  perfectly  sur- 
prising. No  country  presents  a  finer  speci- 
men of  that  honest,  affectionate,  much  endu- 
ring creature,  the  dog.  Kindness  to  animals 
is  always  praiseworthy;  and  to  the  honor  of 
the  Esquimaux  women  it  must  be  said,  that 
they  are  remarked  for  their  kind  and  gentle 
treatment  of  these  dogs.  They  take  care  of 
them  when  they  are  ill,  and  use  them  better 
than  the  men  do.  Still,  under  blows  and 
hard  usage^the  dogs  are  faithful,  and  willing 
to  labor.  .  >a*  yp 

The  Esquimaux  sometimes  use  slabs  of  ice 
for  the  walls  of  their  huts,  cementing  them 
together  with  snow  and  water.  Kennels  for 
their  dogs  are  also  made  of  the  same  mate- 
rial. The  late  Admiral  Sir  W.  Edward  Par- 
ry, in  the  course  of  a  voyage  commenced  in 
May,  1321,  the  chief  object  of  which  was  the 


CHARACTER   OP   THE   PEOPLE. 


23 


discovery  of  the  Northwest  passage,  availed 
himself  of  a  winter's  imprisonment  in  the  ice 
to  observe  and  record  the  ways  and  manners 
of  the  Esquimaux,  whose  guest  he  was.  The 
account  given  by  him  is  on  the  whole  satisfac- 
tory. "I  can  safely  affirm,"  said  he,  "that, 
whilst  thus  lodged  beneath  their  roof,  I  know 
no  people  whom  I  would  more  confidently 
trust,  as  respects  either  my  person  or  my 
property,  than  the  Esquimaux." 

He  also  described  their  domestic  character. 
The  affection  of  the  parents  toward  their 
children  showed  itself  in  a  thousand  ways; 
and  the  children,  on  their  part,  show  so  much 
obedience  and  docility  as  to  render  any  kincl 
of  chastisement  unnecessary.  Even  from 
their  earliest  infancy,  they  are  said  to  possess 
that  quietness  of  disposition,  gentleness  of 
demeanor,  and  uncommon  evenness  of  temper, 
for  which  in  more  mature  age  they  are  for  the 
most  part  distinguished.  Disobedience  is 
scarcely  ever  known:  a  word  or  even  a  looH 
from  a  parent  is  enough.  .   ; 


24 


THEIR   IDEAS  OF   RELIGION. 


h 


These  traits,  added  to  industry,  and  endu- 
rance of  various  kinds  of  difficulty,  form  the 
fair  side  of  the  picture,  such  as  that  good 
man  and  distinguished  officer  was  fond  of 
presenting.  The  exhibition  of  these  features 
of  character  was  probably  called  forth,  in  a 
great  degree,  by  his  own  kindness  and  good 
management,  whilst  living  among  them.  But 
doubtless  there  are  other  and  less  favorable 
points  of  view  in  which  these  people  must  be 
sometimes  considered.  At  all  events,  it  is  sad 
to  learn,  from  the  silence  of  some  travellers, 
and  the  actual  statements  of  others,  that  the 
Esquimaux  appear  to  have  but  a  faint  idea  of 
the  existence  of  a  Supreme  Being,  or  to  hold 
liny  distinct  notion  of  religion.  Separated 
from  the  whole  civilized  world,  and  frequent- 
ly finding  it  a  struggle  to  live,  even  with  the 
help  of  their  faithful  dogs,  they  are  objects  of 
pity  and  concern,  rather  than  of  sanguine 
hope  and  expectation  to  the  Christian  mind. 
But,  were  an  opportunity  to  occur  of  carrying 
the  Gospel  to  their  snow-clad  land,  there  is 


ISOLATION   OP   THE   ISLANDERS. 


25 


little  doubt  that  the  remark  of  Parry,  ap- 
plied to  an  individual  ^f  one  of  their  tribes, 
might  be  used  of  all :  "  On  dispositions  thug 
naturally  charitable,  what  might  not  Chris- 
tian education  and  Christian  principles  ef- 
fect?" 

Certainly,  the  instance  now  before  the 
reader  affords  a  good  illustration  of  this  fa- 
vorable view  of  the  Esquimaux  character.  It 
is  Captain  Ommanney's  opinion  that  Kallihi- 
rua's  tribe  may  be  regarded  as  a  remnant  of 
the  pure  race  which,  no  doubt,  in  ages  past, 
migrated  from  Asia  along  the  coasts  of  the 
Parry  group  of  islands  and  Barrow's  Straits. 
The  features,  and  formation  of  the  skull,  be- 
speak Tartar  extraction.  "  Their  isolated  po- 
sition," he  adds,  "being  far  north  of  the 
Danish  settlements  in  Greenland,  and  far  re- 
moved from  the  American  continent,  has  kept 
them  uncontaminated  with  any  of  the  various 
mixed  breeds  of  which  the  Esquimaux  in  those 
regions  must  be  composed." 

Captain  Ommanney,  soon  after  his  arrival 

8 


26 


KALLl'S   AMIABLE   MANNERS. 


in  England,  brought  young  Kallihirua  to  the 
Society  for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge. 
At  that  time  he  could  only  speak  a  few  words, 
such  as  "  Ship  ; "  "  Sea ;"  "  Very  sick ;" 
"  England,  things  very  nice ;"  "  Captain  very 
good."  From  his  language  and  gesture  it 
was  gathered  that  he  had  suffered  much  from 
sea-sickness  on  the  voyage ;  that  he  had  been 
treated  with  the  utmost  care  and  kindness  on 
board;  and  that  he  was  highly  pleased  with 
the  reception  he  had  met  with  in  this  country. 
His  manners  were  so  gentle,  and  even  po- 
lite, without  any  seeming  effort,  as  to  excite 
astonishment  in  those  who  knew  how  short  a 
time  he  had  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  educa- 
tion. It  was  clear  that  great  pains  had  been 
taken  with  him  on  board  the  "  Assistance," 
where  his  great  study  had  been  to  adapt  him- 
self to  the  habits  and  manners  of  those  among 
whom  his  lot  was  so  singularly  cast.  "In 
this,"  says  Captain  Ommanney,  "he  suc- 
ceeded, for  people  were  surprised  at  his  good 
address,  when  he  reached  England."  ^ 


LOVES   YOUNG   PEOPLE. 


27 


He  was  always  much  pleased  with  the  com- 
pany of  young  people,  and  appeared  quite  at 
home  with  them.  Some  books  and  prints 
were  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  youth,  and 
he  expressed  the  greatest  delight  in  seeing 
views  of  ships  in  the  ice,  and  the  figure  of  an 
Esquimaux  watching  for  a  seal.  After  gazing 
a  few  moments  at  the  latter,  he  uttered  a  cry 
of  pleasure,  and  said,  "  This  one  of  my  peo- 
ple!" It  seemed  as  if,  for  a  time,  he  had 
been  carried  back  to  his  own  land,  which, 
however  homely,  was  once  his  home.  Had 
any  proof  been  wanting  of  the  faithfulness  of 
the  representation,  his  hearty  and  joyous  ap- 
proval of  it  would  have  afforded  sufficient  evi- 
dence of  its  accuracy.  .     •  ,v^ 

We  are  told  a  man  will  sit  quietly  for  ten 
or  twelve  hours  together,  at  a  temperature  of 
thirty  or  forty  degrees  below  zero,  watching 
for  the  opportunity  of  killing  and  taking  the 
seal,  which  is  supposed  to  be  at  work  making 
its  hole  beneath  the  ice.  The  Esquimaux, 
partly    sheltered  from  the  "  winter's  wind" 


T 


28 


THE   BRITISH   MUSEUM. 


^  I 


and  fast  falling  snow  by  a  snow  wall,  has  his 
spear  and  lines  ready,  and  his  knees  tied  to- 
gether, to  prevent  his  disturbing  the  seal  by 
making  the  slightest  noise. 

Kalli,  whilst  in  London,  on  a  visit  to  the 
author,  was  taken  to  the  British  Museum. 
With  some  of  the  objects  there  he  was  much 
gratified.  The  antiquities,  sculpture,  gems, 
and  specimens  of  art  and  science,  had  no 
charms  in  his  sight.  The  life-like  forms  of 
stuffed  quadrupeds  and  birds,  in  that  great 
national  collection,  were  the  objects  for  him. 
With  the  seals,  reindeer,  and  a  gigantic  wal- 
rus, with  bright  glass  eyes,  he  was  especially 
struck  and  amused,  lingering  for  some  time  in 
the  attractive  apartment  which  contained  them. 

He  had,  now  and  then,  much  to  bear  from 
rudeness  and  incivility  on  the  part  of  some 
thoughtless  persons,  who  derided  his  personal 
appearance,  though  they  were  not  successful 
in  putting  him  out  of  temper.  The  author 
recollects  an  instance  of  this  in  a  street  in 
London.     He  was  walking  with  Kalli,  when 


STOICISM. 


29 


two  young  men,  who  ought  to  have  known 
better,  stared  at  the  youth  in  passing,  and 
laughed  in  his  face;  then  presently  turning 
round,   they  said,   as   they  pointed   to  him, 

>« There  goes  a  Chinese!"  He  merely  looked 
up,  smiling,  as  if  at  their  ignorance  and  want 
of  proper  feeling.  He  was  himself  remark- 
ably courteous.  ■ 

xi  It  has  been  observed  of  the  people  of  his 
nation,  that  they  evince  little  or  no  surprise 
or  excitement  at  such  things  as  occasion  admi- 
ration in  others.  When  Kalli  first  came  up 
the  river  Thames  with  Captain  Ommanney, 
and  travelled  from  Woolwich  by  the  railway, 
thence  proceeding  through  the  wonderful 
thoroughfare  from  London  Bridge  to  the 
West  End  of  the  town,  passing  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  and  Charing  Cross,  he  merely 
said,  //  was  all  very  good, 
i  "I  took  him  with  me,"  said  the  Captain, 
"  to  the  Great  Exhibition  at  the  Crystal  Pal- 
ace, in  Hyde  Park.  He  beheld  all  the  treas- 
ures around  him  with  great  coolness,  and  only 

8* 


30 


THE  CRYSTAL  PALACE. 


expressed  his  wonder  at  the  vast  multitude  of 
people." 

This  is  natural  enough.  Many  of  our  read- 
ers may  recall  the  feelings  of  astonishment 
with  which  they  viewed  that  large  assem- 
blage.' On  one  of  the  shilling  days,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1851,  ninety-two  thousand  human  beings 
were  collected  together  in  the  Crystal  Palace 
at  one  time.*  The  force  of  contrast  could 
perhaps  go  no  further  than  in  this  instance. 
A  young  stranger  who,  in  his  own  country, 
within  a  space  of  several  hundreds  of  miles 
around  him,  could  only  count  three  families 
(probably  twelve  persons),  was  seen  to  make 
one  of  a  multitude  of  more  than  ninety  thous- 
and of  his  fellow  creatures,  walking  about  in 
a  building  of  glass,  covering  only  eighteen 
acres  of  ground ! 

He  was  taken  to  the  Horse  Guards'  sta- 
bles. On  observing  a  trooper  mount  his 
charger   (both   being  fully  accoutred),  Kalli 


*  This  was  the  case  on  Tuesday,  Oct.  7,  1851.     The 
total  number  of  visitors  on  that  day  alone  was  109,915. 


ST.  Augustine's  college. 


81 


was  puzzled.  He  could  not  account  for  the 
perfect  order  and  discipline  of  the  animal,  and 
the  mutual  fitness  of  the  man  and  his  horse, 
the  one  lor  the  other. 

In  November,  1851,  Kallihirua  was  placed, 
by  direction  of  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty, 
in  the  Missionary  College  of  St.  Augustine's, 
at  Canterbury.  This  was  done  on  the  sugges- 
tion of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel. 

St.  Augustine's  College,  built  on  the  site 
of  the  ancient  monastery  of  St.  Augustine, 
was  established  in  1848,  for  the  reception 
of  students  intended  for  the  work  of  the 
sacred  ministry  in  the  colonies  and  dependen- 
cies of  the  British  Empire,  as  well  as  among 
the  heathen.  The  College,  to  which  the 
Queen  gave  a  charter  of  incorporation,  owes 
its  origin  chiefly  to  the  munificence  of  A.  J. 
B.  Beresford  Hope,  Esq.,  who  purchased  the 
ground,  and  gave  the  site.  The  College 
Chapel  was  consecrated  on  the  morning  of 
St.  Peter's  Day,  June  29th,  1848,  when  seven 


32 


HOPE  IN   THE   FUTURE. 


prelates,  with  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
at  their  head,  were  present. 

Kallihirua  remained  a  student  of  the  Col- 
lege, attending  to  the  instruction  given  him, 
and  conducting  himself  well  and  properly  in 
all  respects.  Under  the  kind  auspices  of  the 
Rev.  H.  Bailey,  the  learned  and  judicious 
warden  of  the  College,  who  took  the  great- 
est interest  in  him,  he  availed  himself,  as  far 
as  his  powers  admitted,  of  the  advantages  of 
the  institution.  He  appeared  rightly  to  under- 
stand and  value  the  blessings  of  education  in 
a  civilized  community,  and  received  with  rev- 
erence the  simple  and  saving  truths  of  the 
Gospel.  It  was  hoped  that,  should  he  will- 
ingly and  intelligently  embrace  the  Christian 
faith,  he  might,  at  no  distant  period,  convey 
the  "  glad  tidings  of  good  things "  as  a  mis- 
sionary or  catechist  to  his  own  benighted 
friends  and  countrymen.  t 

In  September,  1852,  the  warden,  in  a  lei 
ter,  informed  the  author  that  Kallihirua  had 
been  in  good  health  all  the  summer.     "We 


CANTERBURY   CATHEDRAL. 


33 


consider  him,"  said  he,  "a  youth  of  intelli- 
gence and  quick  observation.  His  progress 
in  reading  is  necessarily  slow,  though  he  can 
manage  words  of  four  or  five  letters;  he  is 
fond  of  writing,  and  succeeds  very  well.  He 
is  very  devout  at  prayers,  and  attentive  to  the 
religious  instruction  given  him.  I  think  he 
will  one  day  be  of  essential  use  to  a  mission- 
ary to  some  northern  region.  He  is  grateful 
to  you  for  your  kind  ofifer,  and  will  himself 


J  J 


write  a  letter  of  acknowledgment. 

It  was  but  a  short  time  after  his  settling  at 
St.  Augustine's  College,  that  one  of  the  stu- 
dents took  him  to  see  Canterbury  Cathedral. 
The  reverent  regard  with  which  he  had  been 
taught  to  look  upon  a  church,  as  a  place 
where  prayer  was  made  to  God,  manifested 
itself  in  his  inquiry,  when  entering  the  nave, 
«  Whether  he  might  cough  there  ?"  This  ten- 
dency to  cough  arising  from  an  ailment,  the 
seeds  of  which  had  probably  been  sown  long 
before,  was  often  observable,  and  he  was  very 
susceptible  of  cold. 


34 


KALLI  S   LETTER. 


i 


I 


ii- 


In  the  spring  of  1853  he  suffered  much 
from  the  variableness  of  the  season.  The 
mode  in  which  he  described  his  state  to  a 
friend  is  very  simple  and  affecting.  The  original 
letter,  which  was  entirely  his  own,  both  in 
composition  and  handwriting,  is  here  co^iied 
verbatim.  It  commences,  as  will  be  seen, 
with  his  signature : —  )  i; j i 

**E.  York,    St.  Augustine's  College,  April,  1863. 

«My  dear  Sir, 

"  I  am  very  glad  to  tell,  How  do  you  do, 
Sir?  I  been  England,  long  time  none  very 
well.  Long  time  none  very  well.  Very  bad 
weather,  I  know  very  well,  very  bad  cougli. 
I  very  sorry,  very  bad  weather,  dreadful. 
Country  very  difference.  Another  day  cold. 
Another  day  wet,  I  miserable. 

"  Another  summer  come.  Very  glad. 
Great  many  trees.  Many  wood.  Summer 
beautiful,  country  Canterbury." 

Should  any  reader  be  disposed  to  look  with 
the  smile  of  a  critic  on  this  humble  but  gen- 


KALLl'S   ILLNESS. 


35 


uine  effort,  let  him  bear  in  mind  the  difficulties 
which  poor  English  adults  have  to  encounter 
in  learning  to  read  and  write,  and  then  let 
him  judge  of  the  obstacles  in  the  way  of  one 
whose  existence  had  been  spent  with  his  na- 
tive tribe,  on  stormy  seas,  on  fields  of  ice, 
and  in  dark  snow  huts. 

In  all  attacks  of  illness  he  was  attended 
with  assiduous  kindness  by  Mr.  Hallowes,  of 
Canterbury,  the  skilful  surgeon  employed  by 
the  College.  Mr.  Hallowes  recollects  only 
one  occasion  on  which  Kalli  expressed  any 
desire  for  the  native  food  of  his  own  country. 
When  he  had  been  suffering  under  a  some- 
what protracted  illness,  and  complained  of 
being  very  sick  and  feeble,  Mr.  H.  asked  him 
whether  there  was  anything  which  he  would 
like,  to  do  him  good;  on  which  he  replied, 
"  A  little  walrus."  The  question  was  often 
asked  by  visitors,  whether  he  ever  felt  an  in- 
clination for  seal-flesh,  and  other  food  common 
among  the  Esquimaux ;  but  his  answer  gene- 
rally was,  that  he  liked  mutton.    His  appetite 


86 


ATTENTION  TO   PRAYER. 


was  remarkably  moderate,  and  somewhat  fas- 
tidious in  meats,  which  he  always  liked  to  be 
well  done.  Much  hospitality  was  shown  to 
Kalli  by  Mr.  Hallowes,  among  whose  family 
circle,  on  Christmas-day,  the  good  humored 
broad-faced  Esquimaux  was  always  to  be  seen. 
At  their  juvenile  parties,  the  youth  joined 
cheerfully  in  the  sports  of  the  children,  and  he 
sometimes  sung  them  some  of  the  wild  and 
plaintive  airs  peculiar  to  his  tribe. 

It  is  believed  that  Kalli  never  omitted  his 
morning  and  evening  prayers  by  his  bed -hide ; 
and  his  utterance  was  full  of  devout  earnest- 
ness. Mr.  Bailey  remembers  once  travelling 
with  him  to  Deal ;  and  while  in  the  railway 
carriage,  the  youth  quietly  took  out  of  his 
pocket  a  little  book,  which  was  afterward 
found  to  be  a  collection  of  texts  for  each  day 
in  the  year.  For  some  time  he  was  reading 
thoughtfully  the  text  for  the  day.  No  notice 
was  taken  of  this  to  him  ;  and  as  for  himself, 
never  perhaps  was  any  one  more  free  from  the 
least  approach  to  ostentation. 


BAPTISM  OP   KALLlfelRUA. 


87 


"We  now  come  to  an  important  event  in  the 
history  of  Kallihirua — his  baptism,  which  took 
place  on  Advent  Sunday,  Nov.  27th,  1853,  in 
St.  Martin's  Church,  near  Canterbury.  "  The 
visitors  present  on  that  occasion,"  said  an  eye- 
witness, «« were,  the  Rev.  John  Philip  Gell 
(late  Warden  of  Christ's  College,  Tas- 
mania), accompanied  by  Mrs.  Gell,  daughter 
of  the  late  Sir  John  Franklin  ;  Captain  Eras- 
mus Ommanney,  R.  N.  (who  brought  Kallihi- 
rua to  England),  and  Mrs.  Ommanney ;  Cap- 
tain Washington,  R.  N.,  of  the  Admiralty; 
and  the  Rev.  W.  T.  Bullock.  The  Rev.  T.  B. 
Murray,  Secretary  of  the  Society  for  Promo- 
ting Christian  Knowledge,  who  had  been  in- 
vited, was,  in  consequence  of  engagements  in 
London,  unfortunately  unable  to  be  present. 

"Toward  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
small  parties  began  to  issue  from  the  College 
gateway  in  the  direction  of  St.  Martin's,  that 
picturesque  little  church,  looking  from  its 
calm  hill-side  over  the  broad  Stour  valley, 
and  over  the  cathedral  and  steeples  of  the 


^i 


■ 


)     0^ 


*:ii 

'i»?| 


M 


'■■'". 


'k 


i 


38 


ANCIENT  FONT. 


town,  half  emerging  from  the  smoke.  In  the 
interior  of  this  oldest  of  the  English  churches 
there  is  an  ancient  font,  which  stands  upon 
the  spot  (if  it  be  not  the  very  font  itself) 
where  King  Ethelbert,  the  first  fruits  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  race,  was  baptized,  more  than 
twelve  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago,  by  Au- 
gustine. 
.    "In  the  enclosure  round  this  font  sat  Kalli- 

4 

hirua  and  his  'chosen  witnesses,'  Captain 
Ommanney  and  the  Sub-warden,  Mrs.  Bailey 
and  Mrs.  Gell.  The  remainder  of  the  church 
was  quite  filled  with  an  attentive  and  appa- 
rently deeply  interested  congregation,  many 
of  them  of  the  poorer  class,  to  whom  Kalli  was 
well  known,  either  by  face  (as  indeed  he  could 
not  well  fail  to  be),  or  as  the  comrade  of 
their  children  in  the  spelling  class  at  school. 

"After  the  Second  Lesson,  the  warden 
proceeded  to  the  font,  and  the  baptismal 
service  commenced.  Kallihirua,  as  an  adult, 
made  the  responses  for  himself,  and  in  a  clear, 
firm  tone,  which  seemed  to  intimate  that  he 


ST.  martin's  church. 


39 


i    .: 


•. -l' 


'    -Vt, 


<A 


Ml/ Hi. 


40 


CHRISTIAN   NAMES. 


; 


had  made  his  choice  for  once  and  for  ever, 
that  he  had  cast  in  his  lot  with  us,  and  taken 
our  people  for  his  people,  and  our  God  for  his 
God,  and  felt,  with  an  intelligent  appreciation, 
the  privilege  of  that  new  brotherhood  into 
which  he  was  admitted.  ' 

"May  his  admission  within  the  pale  of 
Christ's  Holy  Church  be  (as  was  the  prayer 
of  many  beyond  the  walls  of  St.  Martin's  on 
that  day)  both  to  himself  and  to  many  of  his 
race,  an  event  pregnant  of  eternal  issues! 
'May  the  fulness  of  God's  blessing,'  to  use 
the  words  of  one  of  our  most  valued  friends, 
*rest  upon  it,  and  make  it  the  first  streak  of 
a  clear  and  steady  light,  shining  from  St.  Au- 
gustine's into  the  far  North.'  The  Chris- 
tian names  added  to  his  original  Esquimaux 
name,  were  '  Erasmus,'  after  Captain  Omman- 
ney,  and  'Augustine,'  in  remembrance  of  the  • 
College. 

"  The  service  being  concluded,  an  excellent 
sermon  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Gell, 
on  the  text,  Isaiah  Ixv.  1 :  '  I  am  sought  of 


MISSIONARY   WORK. 


41 


I'  ever, 
I  taken 
for  his 
'iation, 
d  into 

ile    of 
prayer 
n's  on 
of  his 
3sues ! 
to  use 
iends, 
ak  of 
i.  Au- 
)hris- 
maux 
iman- 
)f  the  • 

aient 
Gell, 
it  of 


them  that  asked  not  for  me;  1  am  found  of 
them  that  sought  me  not ;  I  said,  Behold  me, 
behold  me,  unto  a  nation  that  \7as  not  called 
by  my  name.'  Afterward  the  same  kind 
friend  attended  our  Sunday  evening  meeting 
in  the  warden's  house,  and  gave  us  some  in- 
teresting details  of  the  missionary  work  (in 
which  he  had  himself  borne  a  part)  in  Van 
Diemen's  Land.  The  drift  of  his  remarks 
was  to  give  encouragement  to  the  principle  of 
eteady,  faithrui,  persevering  energy,  undamped 
by  early  difficulties,  and  not  impatient  of  the 
day  of  small  things,  and  to  show,  by  convincing 
examples  (especially  th^it  of  Mr.  Davis,  a  de- 
voted missionary  in  that  country),  how  such 
conduct  is  sure,  in  the  end,  to  meet  with  a 
success  of  the  soundest  and  most  permanent 
kind,  because  founded  on  the  spontaneous 
sympathy  of  the  people,  and  on  the  blessings 
of  the  poor,  « not  loud  but  deep.' 

"  Kallihirua  had  received  a  very  handsome 
present,  in  the  shape  of  a  beautifully  bound 
Bible  and  Prayer  Book,  as  a  baptismal  gift 


i 

Ha 


11 
I 


42 


WATER   PROM   THE  JORDAN. 


from   the   Society   for   Promoting  Christian 
Knowledge." 

It  may  be  interesting  to  add,  that  the  wa- 
ter used  in  the  baptism  was  from  the  river 
Jordan,  and  that  it  had  been  brought  thence 
by   Captain  Ommanney  himself. 

In  the  Gospel  Missionary  for  February,  1854, 
was  a  pleasing  description  of  the  Baptism 
of  Kallihirua:  and  this  was  the  sound  and 
practical  conclusion : 

"  Before  we  conclude,  we  may,  perhaps,  ex* 
press  the  hope  that  our  young  friends  will 
sometimes  think  kindly  of  their  new  Christian 
brother,  Erasmus  Augustine  Kallihirua, 
and  that  they  will  pray  that  God  will  bless 
him,  and  make  him  to  advance  more  and  more 
in  the  knowledge  and  the  love  of  his  dear  Son, 
Jesus  Christ.  When  they  thus  think  of  him 
who  is  now  made  their  own  brother  by  bap- 
tism, and  is  thus  brought  into  the  family  of 
Christ's  people,  let  them  learn  to  value  the 
good  things  which  God  has  given  them  in  such 
rich  abundance.     Let  them  be  thankful  that 


STANZAS  BY  THE  WARDEN. 


43 


they  were  born  in  a  Christian  country,  in 
which  they  have  been  taught  from  childhood 
to  know  the  Holy  Scriptures,  which  are  able 
to  make  them  wise  unto  salvation,  through 
faith  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus." 

The  following  stanzas,  written  by  the  War- 
den on  the  occasion  of  the  baptism,  will  be 
read  with  pleasure,  especially  by  those  who 
are  aware  how  faithfully  the  amiable  writer  of 
them  fulfilled  his  part  in  preparing  Kallihirua, 
not  only  for  the  right  performance  of  such 
duties  as  seemed  to  await  him  in  life,  but 
(what  was  far  more  important)  for  an  early 
death. 

THE  BAPTISM  OF  KALLIHIRUA. 

•'  I  WJLL  TAKE  YOU  ONE  OP  A  CIT\,  AND  TWO  OP  A  FAMILY, 

AND  I  WILL  BRING  YOU  TO  ZioN." — Jer.  iii.  14. 

Far  through  the  icy  bound 
Of  Greenland's  barren  shore, 
At  duty's  call,  on  mercy  sent. 
The  brave  are  gone  before. 

Beyond  the  haunts  of  men 
They  urge  their  tedious  way, 
When  lo  1  a  wandering  tribe  appears 
By  yonder  northern  bay.     . 


44 


STANZAS   BY  THE   WARDEN. 


But  who  so  wild,  so  lost 
In  ignorance  and  sin ! 
No  God  they  know,  no  Saviour  own ; 
Is  there  a  soul  to  win  ? 

Yes,  in  that  heathen  race  ^ 

One  heart  at  least  is  found 
That  yearns  for  better  things,  by  grace 
In  unseen  fetters  bound. 


V   I 


\     si 


Warm  is  the  Christian's  heart, 
Outstretch'd  the  Christian's  hand, 
"  Assistance  "  lends  her  friendly  aid  ;  .tf 

To  reach  a  CLristian  land. 


•A 


m 


In  this  our  calm  retreat 
He  finds  a  peaceful  home. 
Is  taught  such  learning  as  is  meet, 
In  store  for  years  to  come. 


He  learns  to  know  and  love .    ■      .     '  '   -'  «if 
His  Saviour  and  his  God ; 
And  now  he  is  a  brother  dear, 
By  faith  in  Jesus'  blood. 

O  gracious  Spirit  I  hear 
Our  prayer  with  one  accord. 
And  train  this  new-born  Christian  heart 
In  thy  most  holy  Word. 

Have  pity  on  his  race ! 
And  bring  them  still  to  see 
Their  wretched  state,  and  teach  them  all 
The  Father,  Son,  and  Thee  ! 


ESQUIMAUX   VOCABULARY. 


45 


'i*? 


To  God  the  Father,  Son, 
And  Spirit,  glory  be, 
Who  call'd,  and  saved,  and  sanctifies, 
The  co-eternal  Three  I 

Some  of  these  verses  were  sung  in  the 
college  chapel  on  the  evening  of  Advent  Sun- 
day, 1853. 

It  was  in  the  same  year  that  Kalli  rendered 
essential  service  in  the  preparation  of  a  Green- 
land Esquimaux  Vocabulary,  for  the  use  of  the 
Arctic  Expedition  of  that  year.  The  work 
was  printed  by  direction  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Admiralty,  with  a  short  preface  acknowledg- 
ing the  advantage  of  his  assistance.  Captain 
Washington,  R.  N.,  hydrographer  of  the  Ad- 
miralty, says  in  the  preface,  "  Every  word  has 
now  been  revised  from  the  lips  of  a  native. 
In  the  Midsummer  vacation,  in  1852,  Kallihi- 
rua  passed  some  days  with  me,  and  we  went 
partly  over  the  vocabulary.  I  found  him  in- 
telligent, speaking  English  very  fairly,  docile, 
and  imitative  ^  his  great  pleasure  appearing  to 
be  a  pencil  and  paper,  with  which  he  drew 
animals  and  ships.     In  the  Christmas  holi- 


46 


MODE   OP   EXPLANATION. 


days  we  revised  more  of  the  vocabulary. 
On  his  return  to  Canterbury,  the  Rev.  H. 
Bailey,  with  the  assistance  of  Dr.  Rost,  Pro- 
fessor of  Sanskrit  at  the  college,  kindly 
undertook  to  complet-e  it."  « 

The  warden  said,  "In  my  preparation  of 
the  vocabulary  with  Kalli,  I  was  often  struck 
with  the  combination  of  humor,  ingenuity, 
and  patience,  which  he  showed  in  explaining 
the  terms  on  which  we  were  engaged  in  suc- 
cession. He  had  clever  devices  in  describing 
any  native  operation,  by  means  of  the  objects 
on  the  table,  or  in  the  room ;  and  he  seemed 
never  to  tire  of  repeating  his  description  till 
it  was  thoroughly  understood." 

A  member  of  the  expedition  afterward 
visited  St.  Augustine's  College,  and  stated 
that  the  vocabulary  had  been  found  to  be  of 
much  service.  -^ 

The  writer  of  this  memoir  well  recollects 
the  circumstances  of  a  visit  \^hich  he  paid, 
with  his  family,  to  St.  Augustine's  College, 
Canterbury,  on  a  bright  day  in  August,  1853, 


i 


KALLfS    PUNCTUALITY. 


47 


■  r 
1 


when  (it  being  the  vacation)  only  three 
studeuts  re*^  j,ined  in  residence.  These  were 
1.  Kallihirua;  2.  a  young  Hindoo,  by  name 
Mark  Pitamber  Paul;  and  3.  Lambert  Mc- 
Kenzie,  a  youth  of  color,  a  native  of  Africa. 
Kalli,  who  was  the  only  one  of  these  person- 
ally known  to  the  author,  did-  not  at  first 
appear.  He  had  strolled  out  to  witness  a 
cricket  match  in  a  field  near  Canterbury ;  but 
Blunsom,  the  college  porter,  said  that  he 
had  promised  to  return  by  two  o'clock,  and 
that  he  was  very  punctual. 

It  is  here  due,  both  to  Blunsom  and  his  wife, 
to  say  that  they  were  most  kind  friends  to 
Kalli,  watching  over  him  with  the  most 
thoughtful  attention  and  the  tenderest  care. 

As  the  Cathedral  clock  struck  two,  Kalli 
entered  the  college  gates.  With  hair  black 
as  the  raven's  wing,  and  eyes  sparkling  with 
good  humor,  he  made  his  appearance,  and 
soon  showed  a  desire  to  do  the  honors  of  the 
college.  His  dress  was  neat,  like  that  of  a 
young    English    gentleman,   and    he    had  a 


!  i 

-1:'    I 


1: 
I'       I 


•*'l 

m 


m 

m 

Mm 

M 


48 


HIS  STUDY   OP   CARPENTRY. 


gaiety  of  look  and  manner,  but  far  removed 
from  foppery  of  apparel  or  demeanor.  With 
true  politeness — that  of  the  heart — he  accom- 
panied the  visitors  over  the  library,  the  chap- 
el, the  common  hall,  and  the  dormitories  of 
the  college ;  each  student  having  a  small  bed- 
room and  study  to  himself.  Kalli  took  great 
pleasure  in  exhibiting  the  carpenter's  shop,  a 
spacious  crypt  below  the  library.  Attention 
was  there  called  to  the  wooden  frame  of  a 
small  house,  in  the  construction  of  which,  it 
appeared,  he  had  borne  a  part.  He  said,  when 
asked,  that  he  should  most  probably  find  the 
knowledge  of  carpentering  valuable  some  day, 
and  that  he  should  like  to  teach  his  country- 
men the  many  good  and  useful  things  which 
he  had  learned  in  this  college.  He  spoke 
little,  and  was  evidently  conscious  of  his  im- 
perfect pronunciation ;  but,  in  answer  to  a 
question  on  the  subject,  he  said  he  hoped  to 
tell  his  people  about  religion,  and  the  truths 
of  the  Gospel  which  he  had  been  taught  in 
England 


INNOCENT   AMUSEMENTS. 


49 


noved 
With 
ccom- 
chap- 
ics  of 
1  bed- 
great 
hop,  a 
ention 
3  of  a 
lich,  it 
,  when 
ad  the 
le  day, 
untry- 
which 
spoke 
lis  im- 
to  a 
ped  to 
truths 
ght  in 


His  amusements  were  of  a  quiet  and  inno- 
cent kind.  He  was  fond  of  drawing  ships, 
and  figures  of  the  seal,  the  walrus,  the  rein- 
deer, the  Esquimaux  dog,  and  other  objects 
familiar  to  him  in  the  Arctic  regions. 

His  sketches  of  animals  and  ships  were 
very  correct,  and  he  used  sometimes  to  draw 
them  for  the  amusement  of  children.  When  on 
board  the  "Assistance"  he  made  a  good  sketch 
of  the  coast  line  of  the  region  which  his  tribe 
frequented,  from  Cape  York  to  Smith's  Sound. 
He  also  made  small  models  of  his  country 
sledges,  one  of  which,  a  very  creditable  per- 
formance, is  in  the  museum  in  the  college 
library ;  and  a  rough  rustic  chair,  now  in  the 
college  garden,  is  of  his  manufacture. 

The  use  which  he  made  of  the  needle  must 

not  be  forgotten.     For  a  year  and  a  half, 

whilst  at  Canterbury,  he  went  regularly,  for 

five  hours  a  day,  to  a  tailor,  to  learn  the  trade, 

and  was  found  very  handy  with  his  needle. 

He  proved  to  be  of  much  use  in  the  ordinary 

work  of  the  trade. 

5 


ill  'P- ! 


it' 


50 


ST.  JOHN'S,  NEWFOUNDLAND. 


I    ^1 


l<     J 


(    I 


t    1 


[I 


Some  of  his  vaca lions,  or  portions  of  them, 
were  passed  among  friends,  who  were  glad  to 
receive  him  into  their  houses. 

The  time  having  now  arrived  at  which, 
according  to  the  opinion  of  the  Bishop  of 
Newfoundland,  and  the  warden  of  St.  Angus- 
tine's,  the  qualifications  of  Kallihirua  might 
be  turned  to  some  account,  as  an  aid  to  mis- 
sionaries, in  their  efforts  among  the  Esquimaux 
of  Labrador,  he  left  England,  in  the  autumn 
of  the  year  1855,  for  further  training  at  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland.  This  step  was  taken 
at  the  expense  of  the  Admiralty,  who  agreed 
to  allow  him  £26  a  year  for  three  years. 

The  following  notice  of  his  character  ap- 
peared in  the  "  Ocasional  Paper,"  published  in 
St.  Augustine's  College,  at  the  time  of  his  re- 
moval to  Newfoundland.  At  every  step  of 
his  short  but  remarkable  course,  such  willing 
testimony  always  awaited  him. 

"Kallihirua,  whose  name  is  known  as 
widely  as  that  of  his  college,  has  arrived  at 
another  crisis  in  his  eventful  history.     Hav- 


FLATTERING  TESTIMONIAL. 


51 


hem, 
id  to 

^hich, 

>p  of 

ugus- 

might 

)  mis- 

imaux 

atumn 

at  St. 

taken 

^reed 

jr  ap- 
ledin 
lis  re- 
tep  of 
dlling 

7X1.  as 
ired  at 
Hav- 


iag  resided  more  than  three  years  in  col- 
lege, he  has  been  transferred  to  the  expe- 
rienced care  of  the  Bishop  of  Newfoundland, 
with  the  view  to  his  probable  usefulness 
among  the  Esquimaux  of  Labrador.  ^  If  integ- 
rity of  moral  principle,  gentleness  of  spirit, 
docility  of  ^manners,  willingness  to  be  use- 
ful, and  true  Christian  politeness,  are  essen- 
tial requisites  in  a  missionary,  then  is  Kalli- 
hirua  certain  to  fill  his  place  well,  if  only 
the  right  place  is  found  for  him." 

Kalli  arrived  in  St.  John's,  Newfoundland, 
on  the  2d  October,  1855,  and  on  the  follow- 
ing day  wrote  a  letter  to  Captain  Omman- 
ney,  telling  him  thrt  he  had  suffered  on  the 
voyage  from  the  motion  of  the  vessel,  which 
had  caused  severe  headaches.  He  added, 
"  St  John's  puts  me  in  mind  of  my  own 
country.  I  have  already  found  a  great  num- 
ber of  kind  friends,  and  feel  so  happy." 

He  was  immediately  admitted  into  the  col- 
lege of  the  Theological  Institution  for  fur- 
ther training ;  and  it  was  the  Bishop's  inten- 


52 


SIMILARITY   OP   DIALECTS. 


tion  to  have  taken  him,  in  the  summer  of 
1856,  in  the  Church  ship,  to  the  coast  of  Lab- 
rador, with  the  view  particularly  of  compa- 
ring his  language  with  that  of  the  Esquimaux 
on  the  American  continent,  who  are  included 
under  the  government,  and  consequently  in 
the  diocese  of  Newfoundland. 

That  he  was  not  unfitted  for  this  task  ap- 
pears from  a  passage  in  the  preface  to  the 
Greenland  Esquimaux  Vocabulary.  Captain 
Washington  observes :  "  On  comparing  the 
Labrador  with  the  Greenland  dialect  of  the 
Esquimaux,  it  was  found  that  nearly  one  half 
the  words  given  by  Mr.  Platon  were  similar 
to  the  former.  On  going  over  the  vocabu- 
lary with  Kallihirua,  generally  speaking  he 
recognized  the  Greenland  word.  When  he 
did  not  do  so,  the  Labrador  was  mentioned, 
which,  in  most  cases,  he  caught  at  directly. 
These  words  have  been  added.  There  would 
thus  appear  to  be  even  a  greater  degree  of 
similarity  between  the  Labrador  and  Green- 
land dialects  than  might  have  been  expected ; 


ARCHDEACON   BRrOGE. 


53 


tter  of 
'  Lab- 
;ompa- 
limaux 
eluded 
itly  in 

,sk  ap- 
to  the 
Captain 
ng  the 
of  the 
ne  half 
similar 
rocabu- 
:iiig  he 
len  he 
tioned, 
rectly. 
would 
yree  of 
Green- 
3ected ; 


and  it  is  evident  that  the  Greenland  dialect, 
as  Mr.  Platon  states,  is  spoken  by  all  the  Es- 
quimaux to  the  head  of  Baffin's  Bay." 

Kalli  had  some  conversation  with  a  Mora- 
vian missionary  from  Labrador.  The  lan- 
guage was  in  most  respects  similar,  though 
there  was  evidently  a  difficulty  in  understand- 
ing each  other. 

It  may  be  mentioned,  as  a  circumstance  of 
melancholy  interest,  that,  besides  Kallihirua, 
the  late  venerable  T.  F.  H.  Bridge,  Arch- 
deacon of  Newfoundland,  was  to  have  accom- 
panied, and  assisted  the  Bishop  in  this  voyage, 
which  it  was  proposed  should  have  extended 
to  the  Moravian  settlement.  Moravian  mis- 
sions have  been  established  in  Greenland  for 
more  than  a  century;  but  the  expedition 
contemplated  by  the  Bishop  was  more  partic- 
ularly designed  to  open  Sandwich  and  Esqui- 
maux Bays  to  the  much  needed  missionary. 

These  projects,  it  was  determined  in  the  good 
providence  of  God,  were  not  to  be  realized. 
Archdeacon  Bridge  was  prematurely  carried 


54 


ZEALOUS  LABOR  AND  DEATH. 


off,  in  the  midst  of  his  zealous  and  successful  la- 
bors, at  the  end  of  February,  1856.  «  He  work- 
ed himself  to  death,"  said  the  Bishop.  "  His 
death  was  felt  in  the  colony  as  a  public  loss." 

The  author  of  this  memoir  had  written  to 
Kallihirua,  whilst  he  was  at  St.  Augustine's, 
and  had  received  from  him  a  letter,  shortly 
and  plainly  expressed,  which  the  warden  sta- 
ted to  have  been  composed  and  written  by  the 
youth  himself,  and  which  proved  how  anxious 
he  was  to  do  well  that  which  was  given  him 
to  do.  The  person  to  whom  this  letter  was 
written  often  thought  of  the  amiable  Kalli, 
and  was  in  hopes  of  soon  hearing  from  him  in 
his  new  abode  in  Newfoundland.  But  man 
proposeth  and  God  disposeth.  A  St.  John's 
paper.  The  Newfoundland  Express,  sent  by  the 
Bishop  in  June,  1856,  conveyed  the  intelli- 
gence that  Kallihirua  had  passed  away  from  this 
busy,  anxious  world,  to  another,  and  we  humbly 
and  reasonably  hope,  a  better  and  happier. 

A  melancholy  interest  generally  attaches 
to  the  history  of  individuals  dying  in  a  for- 


PBINCE  LE  BOO. 


55 


3sful  la- 
e  work- 
.  "His 
ic  loss." 
itten  to 
istine's, 
shortly 
len  sta- 
1  by  the 
anxious 
ven  him 
ter  was 

Kalli, 

him  in 
ut  man 

John's 
b  by  the 

intelli- 
rom  this 

humbly 
pier, 
attaches 
n  a  for- 


eign and  strange  land,  far  from  friends  and 
home.  The  separation  from  all  they  have 
known  and  loved  is,  in  their  case,  so  entire, 
the  change  of  their  circumstances,  habits,  and 
associations,  so  great,  that  such  a  dispensation 
specially  appeals  to  the  sympathy  of  all 
Christian  hearts. 

Feelings  of  this  kind  are  excited  by  the 
narrative  of  the  early  death  of  Prince  Le 
Boo,  a  youthful  native  of  the  Pelew  Islands, 
who  was  brought  over  to  this  country  in  July, 
1784,  and  who,  in  the  spring-time  of  life, 
after  little  more  than  five  mouths'  stay  iu  Eng- 
land, fell  a  victim  to  the  small-pox.  In  the 
memoir  of  that  young  prince,  who  died  at 
Rotherhithe,  and  was  buried  in  the  church- 
yard there,  in  December,  1784,  there  are  some 
points  of  resemblance  to  the  case  under  our 
notice.  The  natural  and  unforced  politeness 
of  the  youth;  his  aptness  in  conforming,  in 
all  proper  things,  to  the  habits  and  customs  of 
those  to  whose  hospitality  he  was  entrusted ; 
his  warm  and  single-hearted  affection  for  such 


56 


FAILING   HEALTH. 


persons,  in  whatever  station,  as  showed  him 
kindnesses;  his  desire  for  mental  improve- 
ment; his  resignation  and  submission  in  his 
last  illness  to  the  will  of  God ;  these  are  fea- 
tures which  remind  us  of  the  subject  of  our 
present  memoir.  Many  are  the  tears  which 
have  fallen  over  the  story  of  the  young  and 
amiable  Prince  Le  Boo. 

But  to  resume  the  thread  of  the  narrative 
respecting  Kalli.  During  the  winter  of  1855 
and  1856  he  had  suffered  frequently  from 
cough,  and  shown  other  signs  of  constitu- 
tional weakness.  His  cheerfulness,  however, 
had  seldom  failed  him ;  his  readiness  to  please, 
and  be  pleased,  to  oblige,  and  be  obliged, 
never.  In  letters  which  he  sent  to  friends  in 
England,  he  always  spoke  with  gratitude  of 
the  affectionate  friendship  shown  him,  and 
of  being  very  happy. 

The  following  letter  to  Mr.  Blunsomj  who, 
as  it  will  have  been  seen,  had  treated  him 
with  constant  kindness,  and  done  him  much 
good  service,  will  be  read  with  interest. 


KALLl'S  LETTER. 


57 


"  St,  John's  College,  Newfoundland, 
January  7, 1866. 

« I  received  your  kind  letter  by  the  Decem- 
ber mail,  and  am  very  sorry  to  hear  of  your 
illneSvS.  The  weather  here  is  very  cold ;  I  feel 
it  more  than  at  Cape  York.  I  have  begun  to 
skate,  and  find  it  a  pleasant  amusement. 
There  is  a  lake  a  little  distance  from  the  col- 
le^j"  a  Tied,  'QuidiVidi,'  on  which  we  prac- 
tise, t'he  Bishop  is  very  kind  and  good  to 
me.  College  here  is  not  so  large  and  fine  a 
place  as  St.  Augustine's;  nor  are  there  so 
many  students.  I  hope  that  all  my  kind 
friends  at  Canterbury  are  quite  well.  Please 
remember  me  kindly  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gipps, 
and  all  at  St.  Augustine's.  With  kind  love 
to  yourself, 

"  I  remain,  yours  affectionately, 

"Kalli." 

With  respect  to  the  fatal  attack  under 
which  he  soon  sunk,  it  is  to  be  mentioned, 
that  he  had  gone  out  to  bathe  with  one  of  his 
fellow  students  at  St.  John's,  on  Saturday,  the 


■H 


58 


DEATH   OF   KALLl. 


m 


til 


7th  June.  From  continuing  too  long  in  the 
water,  which  was  very  cold,  he  caught  a  chill, 
and  showed  many  symptoms  of  inflammation 
for  some  days.  On  Wednesday,  good  medical 
assistance  was  called  in,  but  his  constitu- 
tion had  received  too  violent  a  shock.  The 
surgeon  had  fears  from  the  first  that  his  pa- 
tient would  not  recover.  It  has  been  observed 
by  medical  men,  that  Esquimaux  have  but  lit- 
tle stamina,  and  generally  fail  under  the  first 
attack  of  sei'ious  illness.  Kalli  was  kindly 
watched,  and  assisted  by  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Moun- 
tain and  Mrs.  Mountain,  and  his  fellow  stu- 
dents. He  got  rapidly  worse.  On  the  Thurs- 
day he  seemed  utterly  powerless,  and  could 
not  lift  up  his  arms,  nor  put  them  out  of  his 
bed.  He  was  very  restless  during  the  greater 
part  of  Friday  night. 

"  Soon  after  ten  o'clock  on  Saturday  morn- 
ing, June  14th,"  said  the  Bishop  of  New- 
foundland, "  his  gentle  soul  departed.  I  saw 
him  frequently  during  his  illness  (three  times 
the  last  day),  and  he  always  assented  most. 


CAUSE   OF   HIS   DEATH. 


59 


readily,  when  I  reminded  him  of  God's  gra- 
cious goodness  in  visiting  him,  and  that  it 
would  be  better  for  him  to  depart,  and  be 
with  Christ.  It  was  remarkable  that  his 
English  was  more  clear  and  distinct  in  his  ill- 
ness than  I  had  ever  known  it ;  and  though  he 
said  but  very  little,  he  seemed  to  understand 
better  than  ever  before.  The  last  seizure  was 
so  sudden  and  violent  that  he  did  not  articu- 
late at  all.  He  expired  while  I  was  com- 
mending his  soul  to  his  faithful  Creator  and 
most  merciful  Saviour." 

He  is  stated  to  have  died  of  "  melanosis  of 
the  lungs,"  a  disease  in  which  the  whole  sub- 
stance of  the  lungs  turns  completely  black. 
It  is  very  slow  in  its  first  advances,  but  fear- 
fully rapid  in  its  latter  stages.  The  Bishop 
had  the  chest  examined  after  death,  and  sent 
a  copy  of  the  surgeon's  report  to  the  warden 
of  St.  Augustine's. 

In  a  full  communication  made  to  the  war- 
den, the  Bishop  said:  ««The  almost  sudden- 
ness of  our  good  gentle  Kalli's  removal  makes 


60 


THE  bishop's  testimony. 


it  difficult  to  realize  the  fact  that '  he  is  gone.' 
I  still  look  for  his  familiar  strange  face  among 
the  students,  wondering  at  his  unwonted 
absence.  He  seemed  quite  identified  with  our 
little  company.  We  all  miss  him  greatly; 
but  he  has  now  entered  on  that  perfect  rest 
which  he  seemed  made  for,  and  is  delivered 
from  a  troublesome,  naughty  world,  for  which 
he  was  certainly  not  made." 

The  Bishop  also  spoke  of  Kalli's  suhmissicm 
to  those  set  over  him  ;  his  kindness  to  all  around 
him ;  and  his  attention  to  all  his  religious  du- 
ties. 

Many  young  persons,  born  and  bred  in  our 
own  country,  and  brought  up  from  the  cradle 
in  the  very  midst  of  Christian  instruction, 
may  glean  a  valuable  lesson  from  the  charac- 
ter of  this  lamented  Esquimaux  JLristia'i, 
They  may  ask  themselves,  with  sol  e  feeling 
of  self-reproof,  whether  they  shouil  have 
merited  such  praise  from  one  so  revered,  and 
so  well  qualified  to  judge  ?  « Perhaps," 
added  Bishop  Feild,  "  I  was  a  little  proud  at 


BESIGNATION   AND   THANKFULNESS. 


61 


being  able  to  exhibit  a  far-olF  Esquimaux 
brought  near,  and  among  my  own  scholars." 
During  Kalli'p  last  illness,  which,  though 
short,  was  not  without  considerable  suifering, 
the  same  spirit  of  resignation  and  thankful- 
ness which  he  had  always  shown,  was  evinced, 
««Mr.  D very  kind,"  "K very 


kind,"  "Mrs. 


very  kind,"  "Sorry  to 


give  so  much  trouble,"  were  expressions  con- 
tinually on  his  lips,  as  he  was  visited  and 
assisted  by  his  fellow  students,  and  other 
friends  in  succession.  His  gentle  spirit  de- 
parted in  the  presence  of  the  Bishop,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Wood,  the  Rev.  Principal  of  the  Col- 
lege, and  all  his  fellow  students. 

The  Rev.  J.  F.  Phelps,  Vice-Principal  of 
St.  John's  College,  Newfoundland,  who  had 
been  a  fellow  student  of  Kalli's  at  St.  Augus- 
tine's, wrote  thus,  June  25,  1856,  respecting 
him : 

"  I  have  every  reason  to  believe  and  hope 

that  he  has  been  translated  to  a  better  state, 

and  that  he  now  rests  in  his  Saviour:    for 

6 


I 


62 


LAST  MOMENTS. 


though  he  had  not  much  kno'^ledge,  yet  few 
indeed  act  up  to  their  knowledge  so  well  and 
consistently  as  he  did  to  his.  It  must  be  a 
comfort  to  you,  Sir,  to  be  assured  that  in  his 
last  moments  he  was  cared  for,  and  attended 
by  all  members  of  the  college  here;  the 
students  constantly  being  with  him,  as  well  as 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mountain  and  myself.  He 
showed  himself  very  grateful  for  all  that  was 
done  for  him,  and  expressed  great  sorrow  at 
giving  so  much  trouble.  He  always  spoke  of 
his  friends  in  England  with  great  affection, 
and  was  delighted  whenever  he  received 
letters  from  them,  which  he  was  always  eager 
to  answer.  Altogether,  his  was  a  very  amia- 
ble character,  and  we  all  felt  his  loss  very 
much." 

In  another  letter  from  Mr.  Phelps  is  the 
following  passage: 

«« During  his  last  illness,  in  his  conversation 
with  me,  it  was  evident  that  he  quite  under- 
stood the  principle  on  which  we  Christians 
ought  to  bear  our  suflferings  patiently,  and 


KIND    FRIENDS. 


63 


even  thankfully,  because  of  the  still  greater 
sufferings  which  we  deserve,  and  which  our 
Divine  Saviour  bore  for  us.  I  was,  I  confess, 
surprised  at  the  readiness  with  which  he 
realized  the  truth  and  the  force  of  this  reason- 


ing. 


5J 


The  author  had  often  remarked  the  very 
grateful  manner  in  which  the  youth  acknowl- 
edged any  kindness  shown  toward  him.  He 
spoke  with  the  utmost  affection  of  his  dear 
friends,  Captain  Ommanney,  Captain  Austin, 
R.  N.,  the  Rev.  the  Warden  of  St  Augustine's 
College,  and  Mrs.  Bailey.  Mrs.  Bailey,  he 
said,  taught  him  constantly  his  readings  in 
the  New  Testament,  heard  him  his  hymns,  and 
corrected  his  writing  exercises.  The  Rev.  A. 
P.  Moor,  sub-warden  of  the  college,  was  also 
very  kind  to  him,  and  gained  his  regard. 

Of  the  moderate  means  placed  at  his  dis- 
posal he  was  always  properly  careful,  expend- 
ing very  little  upon  himself.  He  had  a  few 
pounds  laid  up  in  the  savings'  bank  at  Can- 
terbury.    This    amount,    together    with    his 


! 


64 


FUNERAL   SERVICES. 


humble  store  of  goods  and  chattels,  consisting 
chiefly  of  the  prints  which  had  adorned  his 
room,  he  left,  by  a  kind  of  will,  to  his  unti- 
ring and  constant  friend,  Captain  Ommanney, 
in  token  of  gratitude  and  regard. 

The  remains  of  Kallihirua  were  borne  to 
the  grave  by  his  fellow  students,  and  followed 
by  the  vice-principal  of  the  college,  and  by 
the  Bishop  of  Newfoundland,  as  chief  mourner. 
The  burial  service  in  the  church  (St.  Thomas') 
was  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wood,  and  in 
the  cemetery  by  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Mountain,  the 
principal  of  the  college.  The  quiet  solemnity 
of  the  service  was  in  keeping  with  the  life  and 
death  of  the  gentle  Kalli. 

Mrs.  Mountain,  of  St.  John's,  Newfound- 
land, in  whose  house  he  lived,  and  who  had 
kindly  assisted  in  instructing  him,  wrote  as 
follows : 

"  It  is  in  sincere  sorrow  and  mourning  that 
I  write  to  inform  you  that  we  yesterday  fol- 
lowed to  the  grave  our  poor  Erasmus  Kallihi- 
rua.    He  died  after  only  a  few  days'  illness, 


MRS.    mountain's  LETTER. 


M 


as 


lat 


brought  on  by  incautiously  going  out  to  bathe 
with  one  of  our  other  students.  On  the  fol- 
lowing day,  when  he  came  to  me  to  read,  as 
usual,  he  complained  of  great  pain  in  the 
chest  and  side ;  and  so  rapid  was  the  inflam- 
mation, that  the  usual  remedies  were  una- 
vailing. 

"  Poor  fellow,  he  was  as  patient  and  gentle 
during  his  illness  as  he  always  was  when  he 
was  well  and  strong,  and  expressed  perfect 
resignation  to  God's  will,  and  much  thankful- 
ness to  those  who  ministered  to  him.  We  all 
loved  him  for  his  unvarying  kindness  and 
gentleness,  his  submission  to  those  set  over 
him,  and  his  willingness  to  serve  all.  I  miss 
him  so  very  much,  not  only  in  his  daily  les- 
sons, but  in  his  constant  knock  at  our  door, 
to  know  whether  I  had  any  thing  for  him  to 
do  in  the  garden,  or  a  message  in  the  town, 
when  he  was  going  out  for  a  walk. 

"  He  looked  very  nice,  lying  in  his  silver- 
white  coffin,  covered  with  flowers,  and  a  bunch 

of  lilies  and  wild  pear-blossoms  on  his  bosom. 

6* 


I 


66 


MEMOBIAL    TABLET. 


We  trust  that  he  was  one  of  the  blessed  meek 
who  inherit  the  earth.  We  were  all  with  him 
when  he  breathed  his  last,  the  Bishop,  and 
the  Principal  of  St  John's  College,  commend- 
ing his  soul  to  his  faithful  Creator." 

It  is  proposed  to  inscribe  a  record  of  Kalli, 
and  of  other  deceased  students  of  St.  Augus- 
tine's College,  on  a  tablet  in  the  crypt  under 
the  college  chapel.  A  memorial  stone  will 
be  erected  over  Kalli's  grave  in  St.  John's, 
Newfoundland. 

With  reference  to  the  decease  of  some 
hopeful  students  of  St.  Augustine's,  who,  after 
giving  promise  of  much  usefulness  in  the  cause 
of  missions,  had  been  removed  from  this 
earthly  scene,  Mr.  Phelps  observed,  in  a  let- 
ter printed  at  the  St.  Augustine's  College 
Press : 

"The  whole  college  is  again  reminded 
that « all  flesh  is  grass,'  and  that  our  life  « is 
even  a  vapor,  that  appeareth  for  a  little  time 
and  then  vanisheth  away.'  Poor  Kalli  is  no 
longer  with  us.    He  has  been  made  fit  for  the 


A   CHAPTER  OP   liiORROWS. 


t1 


Master's  use,  and  has  been  taken  back  by  Him 
who  lent  him  to  us." 

In  addition  to  the  many  bereavements  which 
the  Bishop  of  Newfoundland  has  since  been 
called  to  sustain,  and  to  which  he  has  feelingly 
alluded  in  letters  to  the  Society  for  Promo- 
ting Christian  Knowledge,  may  be  mentioned 
the  death  of  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Mountain,  the 
Principal  of  St.  John's  College,  who  had. 
shortly  before  he  was  himself  summoned  hence, 
followed  Kalli  to  the  grave.  Mr.  Mountain, 
who  was  a  grandson  of  the  first  Bishop  of 
Quebec,  and  a  nephew  of  the  present  Bishop 
of  that  Diocese,  had  been,  on  the  death  of 
Archdeacon  Bridge,  appointed  T^cnmbent  of 
the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  John.  He  was 
much  beloved  and  respected. 

"  Mine,"  said  the  Bishop.  ^  has  been  nothing 
but  a  chapter  of  sorrows  and  trials  this  year  ; 
I  lament  to  say  we  are  still  reading  it,  and  I 
trust  that  we  may  hereafter  profit  by  it.  You 
have  heard,  of  course,  of  our  grievous  losses : 
none  of   them  have    been  supplied  without 


I 

4 


68 


PRACTICAL    REFLECTIONS. 


making  other  gaps.  These  losses  and  trials, 
as  they  so  injuriously  affect  the  sheep,  are 
most  painful  to  the  shepherd." 

The  writer  in  the  Newfoundland  Express 
made  the  following  practical  reflections  on 
Kalli's  early  death,  which  suggest  serious 
though  cheering  thoughts : 

"  It  may  seem  to  some  persons  biit  folly, 
and  to  others  but  mere  boasting,  to  point  to 
this  young  man  as  any  fruit  of,  or  recompense 
for,  the  costly  and  calamitous  Arctic  expedi- 
tions ;  but  others  may  not  think  it  all  in  vain, 
if  thereby  one  soul  has  been  saved,  and  an  ex- 
ample left  to  a  few  young  men,  of  thankful- 
ness and  kindness  to  men,  duty  and  devotion 
toward  God.  Such  was  Erasmus  Augustine 
Kallihirua :  once  a  poor  benighted  Esquimaux, 
but  brought  out  of  darkness  into  the  marvel- 
lous light  of  the  Gospel,  to  be  a  pattern  to 
some,  who,  with  much  greater  advantages, 
are  far  inferior  in  the  best  graces  of  the 
Christian." 

All  that  has  been  written  will  tend  to  show 


THE   OBJECT  OP  THIS    MEMOIR. 


69 


that  Kallihirua  was  held  in  much  esteem  and 
affection  by  those  who  knew  him,  and  that 
some  tribute  (such  as  even  this  little  memoir 
may  afford)  is  due  to  the  memory  of  one  who 
was  well  called  "  Erasmus,"  or  "  beloved." 

This,  however,  is  not  the  chief  object  in 
presenting  an  account  of  Kalli's  short  career 
among  his  adopted  countrymen.  The  author 
would  fain  convey,  amidst  other  wholesome 
lessons,  that  of  the  uncertainty  of  life,  and  the 
necessity  of  working  while  it  is  day.  When 
we  reflect  on  the  departure  of  one  whose  face 
and  figure  still  dwell  in  the  minds  of  many  of 
us,  it  will  be  wise  to  remember  that  we  our- 
selves are  making  for  the  same  point  of  our 
journey,  the  concluding  scene  of  this  short  ex- 
istence, the  end  of  our  probation.  How  in- 
significant do  all  other  events  appear,  com- 
pared with  the  close  of  the  race,  and  the  ar- 
rival at  the  looked-for  goal !  May  God  grant 
us  grace  to  act  constantly  on  this  conviction, 
as  to  all  our  plans  and  prospects  ! 

We  may  also  learn,  from  the  history  before 


70 


CONCLUSION. 


US,  the  great  duty  of  making  missionary  efforts, 
of  holding  forth  among  the  heathen  the  Word 
of  Life,  and  testifying  the  praises  of  Him  who 
hath  called  us  out  of  darkness  into  His  mar- 


vellous light. 


